Known for his challenging and complex pieces, he won two Pulitzer Prizes and was also honoured with the US National Medal of Arts.
While not widely known by the general public, he was hugely respected by critics and musicians.
In 2002, The New York Times said Carter’s string quartets were among “the most difficult music ever conceived”.
Carter was hailed by fellow composer Igor Stravinsky for his Double Concerto for harpsichord, piano and two chamber orchestras (1961) and Piano Concerto (1967), both of which Stravinsky dubbed “masterpieces”.
In a BBC Radio 3 interview 12 years ago, Carter said hearing Stravinsky’s famous work The Rite of Spring in the 1920s was what made him want to become a composer.
“It was a scandal. Everybody walked out of the hall and people were terrified. Maybe that’s why I liked it but in any case I became a fan of modern music in very early adolescence.”
His music publisher, Boosey & Hawkes, said in a statement announcing his death: “The great range and diversity of his music has, and will continue to have, influence on countless composers and performers worldwide.
“He will be missed by us all but remembered for his brilliance, his wit and his great canon of work.”
Elliott once said he was unperturbed by his apparent lack of fame.
“I don’t think it means anything to be popular,” he said.
“When we see the popular tastes and the popular opinion constantly being manipulated by all sorts of different ways, it seems to me popularity is a meaningless matter.”
Carter composed more than 130 works, including 1942’s Symphony 1 and 1944’s Holiday Overture.
His later works included Dialogues (2004), which was nominated for the a Pulitzer, and 2006’s Boston Concerto, nominated for a Grammy for best classical contemporary composition.
Roger Wright, the controller of BBC Radio 3 said he was a “significant figure” in contemporary classical music.
“He was significant, not just because his life spanned the 20th Century – he met and was influenced by so many people – but also because the way his music developed and changed in style,” he said.
“I think he will be remembered for his music itself, but crucially for the way his music pushed classical music forwards. Stylistically he moved the art of classical music on.”
“He was charming, generous and could be very witty and waspish, but a very open-hearted person with a wonderful sense of humour and for that he will also be greatly missed,” he added.
Aldeburgh Music, which organises the annual Aldeburgh Festival added they were “very sad” to hear of Carter’s death.
‘Great intelligence’
His music was first heard at Aldeburgh in 1968 and he last visited the festival in 2009 aged 100.
Pierre-Laurent Aimard, artistic director of the festival, said they would remember “his smile, his joie de vivre and his sense of humour”.
“He was and will always remain a composer of fantasy and structure, reflective yet alive, always reinventing and yet true to himself,” he said.
“By turns lyrical, dramatic, complex, amusing and poetic, this grand master of polyphony understood the challenges of his time and entertained us with great intelligence,” he added.
Carter’s latest work, Instances – for chamber orchestra – will have its world premiere in February next year, and will be performed by the Seattle Symphony.
He won his first Pulitzer Prize in 1960 for his Second String Quartet, the second was for his Third String Quartet in 1973.
In 1998, he was inducted into the Classical Music Hall of Fame.
100th birthday
He was also honoured with prestigious awards in France and Germany.
Carter said he found Europeans were more receptive to his work because music was part of the culture, “something that people make an effort to understand”.
The composer celebrated his 100th birthday at New York’s Carnegie Hall in 2008, where a new work of his was played by the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
Carter was born in New York in 1908 and was first encouraged toward a musical career by his friend and mentor Charles Ives.
He went on to study literature at Harvard and then studied music in Paris under Nadia Boulanger, who also taught Leonard Bernstein and Aaron Copland.
It was his First String Quartet in 1951 which first brought him to the attention of music critics.
In 1939, he married sculptor Helen H Frost Jones.
He is survived by his son and a grandson.
BBC
